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Summer 2023: the hottest on record , 기후

by 링마이벨 2023. 9. 9.
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Bonn, 06/09/2023 

Global-mean surface air temperatures for the 30 warmest boreal summers (June-July-August) in the ERA5 data record, ranked from lower to higher temperature - Data: ERA5. Credit: C3S/ECMWF. 글로벌 지표면 온도 중간값 가장 덥던 30일 여름 도표에서 보면 2023년이 2년에 비해 0.3도 상승했는데 그 0.3의 상승은 근20년동안 최대의 기온 상승폭이다. 

The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), implemented by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts on behalf of the European Commission with funding from the EU, routinely publishes monthly climate bulletins reporting on the changes observed in global surface air temperature, sea ice cover and hydrological variables. This month, highlights on the boreal summer 2023 and sea surface temperature are also included in this press release. All the reported findings are based on computer-generated analyses using billions of measurements from satellites, ships, aircraft and weather stations around the world. 

EU의 지원을 받는 EC를 대신해서 유럽의 기후센터인 코페르니쿠스 기후서비스에 의하면 지구 지표면의 기온, 바다의 얼음표면두께, 지구의 물등의 요인을 정기적으로 1개월 평균 기온을 발표한다.

2023 June-July-August Season highlights:

  • The June-July-August (JJA) season for 2023 was the warmest on record globally by a large margin, with an average temperature of 16.77°C, 0.66°C above average. 2023년 6~7월 0.66도 이상 더더워졌다. 
  • The European-average temperature for summer was 19.63°C, which at 0.83°C above average, was the fifth warmest for the summer season. 유럽의 여름 평균기온 19.63도 였고 평상시보다 0.83높았고 역대 여름으로 보면 5번째 더운 여름날이었다. 
  • JJA 2023 has seen record-breaking high sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the North Atlantic and for the global ocean.  2023년은 글로벌해안과 북아틀랜틱의 바다표면온도의 이례적인 케이스다. 
  • Summer 2023 saw marine heatwaves in several areas around Europe, including around Ireland and the UK in June, and across the Mediterranean in July and August. 여름 2023년은 지중해의 7월과 8월 영국의 7월과 아일랜드를 포함하여 유럽주변에 몇개의 지역에서 해양열선이 보여졌다. 
  • JJA 2023 saw above-average precipitation over most of western Europe and Türkiye, with local rainfall records broken leading to flooding in some cases, and in western and north-eastern North America, parts of Asia, Chile and Brazil, and north-western Australia 2023년 jja는 서유럽과 터키에서 지역적인 홍수가 내리는 비가 내리는 예측 평균 예측을 나타냈다. . 
  • In contrast, Iceland, the Alpine arc, northern Scandinavia, central Europe, large parts of Asia, Canada, southern North America and most of South America experienced drier-than-average conditions. In some regions, these dry conditions led to significant wildfires . 이와는 대조적으로 아이스랜드, 알파인 arc, 북부스캔디나비안 중부유럽, 아시아의 많은 지역과 남아메리카 지역에서 평사시보다 더 건조한 경험을 했다. 

August 2023 – Surface air temperature highlights. 2023년 8월 표면 공기온도


Globally averaged surface air temperature anomalies relative to 1991–2020 for each August from 1940 to 2023. Data: ERA5. Credit: C3S/ECMWF. 세계적으로 1921-1920년과 관련된 평균 기온의 변칙이나 예외는 1940년 2023년까지 각 8월에 .  

August 2023 was the warmest August on record globally, and warmer than all other months except July 2023. 

  • The global-mean surface air temperature of 16.82°C for August 2023 was 0.71°C warmer than the 1991-2020 average for August, and 0.31°C warmer than the previous warmest August in 2016. 
  • The global temperature anomaly for the first 8 months of 2023 (January–August) ranks second-warmest on record, only 0.01°C below 2016, currently the warmest year on record. 
  • The month is estimated to have been around 1.5°C warmer than the preindustrial average for 1850-1900. 
  • Heatwaves were experienced in multiple regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including southern Europe, the southern United States, and Japan. 
  • Well-above average temperatures occurred over Australia, several South American countries and around much of Antarctica. 
  • Marine air temperatures were well above average in several other regions. 

2023년 8월은 전 세계적으로 기록상 가장 따뜻한 8월이었으며, 2023년 7월을 제외한 다른 모든 달보다 따뜻했습니다.

2023년 8월 지구 평균 지표 기온은 16.82°C로 1991~2020년 8월 평균보다 0.71°C 더 높았고, 이전 가장 따뜻했던 2016년 8월보다 0.31°C 더 따뜻했습니다. 2023년 첫 8개월(1~8월) 동안의 지구 기온 이상 현상은 기록상 두 번째로 따뜻했으며, 현재 기록상 가장 따뜻한 해인 2016년보다 단 0.01°C 낮았습니다. 이번 달은 1850~1900년 산업화 이전 평균보다 약 1.5°C 더 따뜻했던 것으로 추정됩니다. 유럽 남부, 미국 남부, 일본 등 북반구 여러 지역에서 폭염이 발생했습니다.
호주, 남미 여러 국가, 남극 대륙 대부분 지역에서 평균보다 훨씬 높은 기온이 발생했습니다.
해양 기온은 다른 여러 지역에서 평균보다 훨씬 높았습니다.

According to Samantha Burgess, Deputy Director of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S): "Global temperature records continue to tumble in 2023, with the warmest August following on from the warmest July and June leading to the warmest boreal summer in our data record going back to 1940. 2023 is currently ranked as the second warmest, at only 0.01ºC behind 2016 with four months of the year remaining. Meanwhile, the global ocean saw in August both the warmest daily surface temperature on record, and it’s the warmest month on record. The scientific evidence is overwhelming – we will continue to see more climate records and more intense and frequent extreme weather events impacting society and ecosystems, until we stop emitting greenhouse gases.” 

코페르니쿠스 기후 변화 서비스(C3S)의 부국장인 Samantha Burgess에 따르면, "2023년 세계 기온 기록은 계속해서 하락하고 있으며, 가장 따뜻한 7월과 6월에 이어 가장 따뜻한 8월이 이어지며 우리 데이터 기록에서 가장 따뜻한 북방 여름으로 이어집니다. 2023년은 현재 2016년보다 0.01°C 뒤쳐 두 번째로 따뜻한 해로 평가되며, 한 해가 4개월 남았습니다. 한편, 전 세계 해양의 8월 일일 표면 온도는 기록상 가장 따뜻했으며, 역대 가장 따뜻한 달입니다. 과학적 증거는 압도적입니다. 우리는 온실가스 배출을 중단할 때까지 사회와 생태계에 영향을 미치는 더 많은 기후 기록과 더 강렬하고 빈번한 기상 현상을 계속해서 보게 될 것입니다.”

August 2023 – Sea surface temperature highlights

Daily global sea surface temperature (°C) averaged over the 60°S–60°N domain plotted as a time series for each year from 1 January 1979 to 31 August 2023. The years 2023 and 2016 are shown with thick lines shaded in bright red and dark red, respectively. Other years are shown with thin lines and shaded according to the decade, from blue (1970s/80s) to brick red (2020s). Data: ERA5. Credit: C3S/ECMWF. 


일일 지구 해수면 온도(°C)는 1979년 1월 1일부터 2023년 8월 31일까지 매년 시계열로 표시된 60°S~60°N 영역에 대한 평균입니다. 2023년과 2016년은 밝은 음영으로 표시된 굵은 선으로 표시됩니다. 각각 빨간색과 진한 빨간색입니다. 다른 연도는 얇은 선으로 표시되며 파란색(1970년대/80년대)부터 벽돌색(2020년대)까지 10년 단위로 음영 처리됩니다. 데이터: ERA5. 크레딧: C3S/ECMWF.

  • Global average sea surface temperatures continued to rise in August, after a long period of unusually high temperatures since April 2023. 
  • Every day from 31st July to 31st August 2023 has seen global average sea surface temperatures exceeding the previous record from March 2016. 
  • August as a whole saw the highest global monthly average sea surface temperatures on record across all months, at 20.98°C, and was well above average for August, with an anomaly of 0.55°C. 
  • North Atlantic sea surface temperatures broke the previous daily record of 24.81°C, set in September 2022, on 5th August, and almost every day since has remained above this level, reaching a new record of 25.19°C on 31st August. 
  • Marine heatwave conditions developed in the north Atlantic west of the Iberian Peninsula, but reduced across most of the Mediterranean. 
  • El Niño conditions continued to develop over the equatorial eastern Pacific. 

세계 평균 해수면 온도는 2023년 4월 이후 장기간 비정상적으로 높은 기온을 보인 이후 8월에도 계속 상승했습니다.
2023년 7월 31일부터 8월 31일까지 매일 세계 평균 해수면 온도가 2016년 3월의 이전 기록을 초과했습니다.
8월 전체는 전 달에 걸쳐 전 세계 월평균 해수면 온도가 20.98°C로 사상 최고치를 기록했으며, 0.55°C의 변칙으로 8월 평균보다 훨씬 높았습니다. 북대서양 해수면 온도는 8월 5일 2022년 9월에 수립된 이전 일일 기록인 24.81°C를 깨뜨렸고, 이후 거의 매일 이 수준 이상을 유지하며 8월 31일에는 25.19°C라는 신기록을 달성했습니다. 해양 열파 조건은 이베리아 반도 서쪽 북대서양에서 발생했지만 대부분의 지중해에서는 감소했습니다. 엘니뇨 현상은 적도 동부 태평양에서 계속해서 발생했습니다.

August 2023 – Sea Ice Highlights

  • Antarctic sea ice extent remained at a record low level for the time of year, with a monthly value 12% below average, by far the largest negative anomaly for August since satellite observations began. 
  • Sea ice concentrations were most below-average in the northern Ross Sea and in the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean sectors while above-average concentrations prevailed in the Bellingshausen–Amundsen Sea sector. 
  • Arctic sea ice extent was further below average than in July, at 10% below average, but well above the record minimum from August 2012. 
  • While most of the central Arctic Ocean saw below-average sea ice concentrations, a stretch of above-average concentrations persisted north of the Kara and Laptev Seas. 

남극 해빙 면적은 월간 평균 수치보다 12% 낮은 수준으로 연중 최저 수준을 유지했는데, 이는 위성 관측이 시작된 이래 8월의 가장 큰 음의 이상 현상이다.
해빙 농도는 로스해 북부와 남대서양 및 인도양 구역에서 가장 평균보다 낮았으며 벨링스하우젠-아문센해 구역에서는 평균보다 높은 농도가 나타났습니다.
북극 해빙 면적은 7월보다 평균보다 더 낮아 평균보다 10% 낮았지만 2012년 8월의 최저 기록보다 훨씬 높았습니다.
중앙 북극해의 대부분은 평균 이하의 해빙 농도를 보인 반면, 카라 해와 랍테프 해 북쪽에서는 평균 이상의 농도가 지속되었습니다.

August 2023 – Hydrological variables highlights

  • August 2023 saw wetter-than-average conditions over a large part of central Europe and Scandinavia often with heavy rainfall leading to flooding. It was wetter than average also in a longitudinal band in Eastern Europe. 
  • Over the Iberian Peninsula, southern France, Iceland and much of Eastern Europe, including the southern Balkans, it was drier than average, with wildfires occurring in France, Greece, Italy, and Portugal.  
  • It was wetter than average in northeast and western North America, with Hurricane Hilary hitting California and western Mexico and triggering floods. It was also wetter than average in large regions of Asia, with rainfall causing landslides in Tajikistan, and parts of Chile and Brazil.  
  • Drier-than-average regions included the southern USA and Northern Mexico, two latitudinal bands across Asia, and much of South America.  

2023년 8월에는 중부 유럽과 스칸디나비아의 대부분 지역에서 평균보다 습한 날씨가 이어졌고 종종 폭우로 인해 홍수가 발생했습니다. 동유럽의 종방향 밴드에서도 평균보다 더 습했습니다.
이베리아 반도, 프랑스 남부, 아이슬란드, 발칸 반도 남부를 포함한 대부분의 동유럽 지역은 평균보다 건조했으며 프랑스, 그리스, 이탈리아, 포르투갈에서 산불이 발생했습니다.
허리케인 힐러리가 캘리포니아와 멕시코 서부를 강타하고 홍수를 촉발하면서 북미 북동부와 서부 지역은 평균보다 더 습했습니다. 또한 타지키스탄, 칠레, 브라질 일부 지역에서는 강우로 인해 산사태가 발생하는 등 아시아의 넓은 지역에서 평균보다 더 습했습니다.
평균보다 건조한 지역에는 미국 남부와 멕시코 북부, 아시아 전역의 두 위도 밴드, 남아메리카의 대부분이 포함되었습니다.

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